
The book of I Samuel begins in the day when the judges still ruled Israel. Samuel was the last judge and the first prophet and priest to serve during the time of a king.
- Judge – someone who led the people in government and during times of war
- Prophet – someone that God chooses to speak for Him and to tell of events in the divine plan
- Priest – someone who fulfilled the religious duties required by God
Samuel is the best example of a good judge governing the people by God’s word and not following his own impulses.
Samuel was the man who anointed Saul as Israel’s first king.
What is the story surrounding Samuel’s birth?
- Elkanah like many other of the Old Testament leaders was married to more than one wife. This was certainly not a part of God’s divine plan.
- Polygamy was a common custom in those days when “every man did that which was right in the sight of his own eyes.”
- Some say that because in these societies many died in battle, polygamy became an acceptable way of supporting women who would have otherwise remain unmarried.
Either way many times polygamy presented family problems as we will see here. Anytime something is not a part of God’s plan, it creates problems.
Read about Leah and Rachel. And also about Sarah and Hagar
Elkanah´s two wives are Peninnah and Hannah.
A significant difference between these two women is that Peninnah was able to bear children while Hannah could not.
- This was difficult for Hannah since in the Middle Eastern culture she was considered a failure as a woman – it was seen as a social embarrassment. Children were a source of labor for the family and were required to take care of their parents in old age. If a woman wasn’t able to bear children she may be required to up one of her servant girls to her husband.
- Now Elkanah could have left her (since a man could divorce a barren wife) but he remained lovingly devoted despite criticism and his rights under the law.
Now each year Elkanah and his family would travel up to Shiloh (abundance) to worship and sacrifice to the Lord.
This had to be a difficult time for Hannah seeing all of the families with their children and she with none. NO ABUNDANCE!
(I Samuel 1:3-5)
This man went up from his city yearly to worship and sacrifice to the LORD of hosts in Shiloh. Also the two sons of Eli, Hopni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there. And whenever the time came for Elkanah to make an offering, he would give portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and daughters. But to Hannah he would give a double portion, for he loved Hannah, although the LORD had closed her womb.
How ironic that a double portion was given to a barren woman. Love compelled it!! Though she saw herself barren, God saw fertile land!
The favoritism demonstrated by Elkanah created dissention, competition, insecurity, and esteem issues.
- Even though Hannah was unable to bear children Elkanah gave her the double portion, because he loved her very much although the Lord had shut up her womb.
- Hannah had favor and she was humble. Prov 3:34 He mocks proud mockers but gives grace to the humble.
- She was taunted by Peninnah not only because she was barren, but Penninah knew that Hannah was more favored by Elkanah.
The taunting took place even while they were on their way to Shiloh – a place where they were going to worship God!
PENNINAH BECAME THE VOICE OF CONDEMNATION IN HANNAH’S LIFE.
- Peninnah appeared to have rejoiced in Hannah’s barrenness. Perhaps she felt this gave her a leg up, because she knew that Eli loved Hannah more.
- Penninah could have ministered to Hannah. She could have advocated for her before the Lord, helped to bear her burden and bring it to the cross.
- She could have prayed for healing, but she chose not to. There is such power when we pray for one another, agree with one another for breakthrough!
- One puts a thousand to flight and 2 tens of thousands! Deuteronomy 32:30
- For where two or three gather together as my followers, I am there among them. Matthew 18:20
- The earnest prayer of a righteous person has great power and produces wonderful results! James 5:16
- The blind man in Mark 8 was brought to Jesus by others!
- A paralyzed man was lowered through the roof by others!
There is something beautiful about a saved, spirit-filled, nurturing sister in Christ!!! Unlike the cattiness of the secular culture!!!
- Now Hannah knew how much her husband loved her but he could simply not comfort her. The jeers and mocking of Peninnah were louder.
We know how much God loves us, but sometimes still allow the voice of condemnation to drown out the voice of truth.
Do we listen to the voice of the enemy? Of our insecurity? Of our pain? Of our low self-esteem? Our doubt? Are they louder than the love of God who says that His love covers a multitude of sin or that His perfect love expels all fear?
“Why are you crying, Hannah?” Elkanah would ask. “Why aren’t you eating? Why be downhearted just because you have no children? You have me—isn’t that better than having ten sons?”
ELKANAH BECAME THE VOICE OF COMPROMISING COMFORT IN HANNAH’S LIFE.
He just couldn’t understand her longing to have children
Who is it that can truly comfort us? Can we find real comfort in a man, a job, children, ministry, money?
Do we give up and compromise with our barren situations?
Even with these voices of condemnation and compromise, Hannah showed no outward conflict, she did not retaliate. Though she was grieved in spirit, we do not hear any railing or furious revenge on her part.
Here is what may seem hard to swallow – The Lord had shut up her womb! The Lord kept her from having children! (Job)
How could this be? This seems cruel and unkind of God.
In the midst of all that was going though, God had a plan. It is our response to Him that determines the fulfillment of His plan and our destiny. Job said, “He knows where I am going and He controls my destiny.”
It is about God’s timing!
It is about God’s divine purpose!
It is about the revelation of Himself through us when we respond accordingly!
It is about building treasure in heaven rather pleasure on earth.
It is about the unconditional love of man towards God.
It is about our willingness to press through and not break down.
It is ultimately about the intimacy that is formed when falling upon Him when all has fallen upon us.
Hannah was the fourth great woman in sacred history who grieved because she could not conceive and among the 4 she was the most prayerful.
- Sarah laughed when she learned that she would bare a son in her old age.
- Rebekah bore her trial with listlessness and indifference.
- Rachel irritated with her long wait for a child, exclaimed, “Give me children, or else I die.”
- Hannah sought her call as a mother in the power of God, for she desired a son as a poet desires a song. On her knees in prayer!
What did Hannah do?
- Hannah was reduced to the place of tears and a loss of appetite.
- She must have thought, how many times have I come to Shiloh, this place called “abundance” and have left with the same bitterness of soul?
- Where is my God that I have not found favor with Him? What is my sin that He has not heard my prayer?
- But Hannah CONTINUED to go to Shiloh. She pressed through, she didn’t get weary in the well-doing,
Hannah’s Prayer for a Son
9 Once after a sacrificial meal at Shiloh, Hannah got up and went to pray. Eli the priest was sitting at his customary place beside the entrance of the Tabernacle.10 Hannah was in deep anguish, crying bitterly as she prayed to the Lord. 11 And she made this vow: “O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, if you will look upon my sorrow and answer my prayer and give me a son, then I will give him back to you. He will be yours for his entire lifetime, and as a sign that he has been dedicated to the Lord, his hair will never be cut.” 12 As she was praying to the Lord, Eli watched her. 13 Seeing her lips moving but hearing no sound, he thought she had been drinking. 14 “Must you come here drunk?” he demanded. “Throw away your wine!” 15 “Oh no, sir!” she replied. “I haven’t been drinking wine or anything stronger. But I am very discouraged, and I was pouring out my heart to the Lord. 16 Don’t think I am a wicked woman! For I have been praying out of great anguish and sorrow.” 17 “In that case,” Eli said, “go in peace! May the God of Israel grant the request you have asked of him.” 18 “Oh, thank you, sir!” she exclaimed. Then she went back and began to eat again, and she was no longer sad.
ELI BECAME THE VOICE OF CRITICISM IN HANNAH’S LIFE.
HANNAH OVERCAME ALL OF THESE VOICES, CONDEMNATION, COMPROMISE AND CRITICISM, BY USING HER VOICE TO CRY OUT TO GOD! HER INTERCESSION EXUDED SUCH INTENSITY THAT SHE APPEARED INTOXICATED.
All the years of faithfulness and praying allowed God to purify her prayers! She came to the place that if God blessed her with a child, the very thing that she had prayed for and that was most precious to her, she would be willing to surrender back to the Lord.
Hannah came to the place of purified prayer. It was no longer about her dignity, her place in society, her own desires, but she prayed in bitterness of soul, weeping in anguish pouring her heart out to the Lord.
Prayer comes in various intensities. Jesus prayers were also a prime example of purified prayers since He was sinless.
- Jesus fasted and prayed before confronting the enemy.
- In John 11 He groaned in His spirit and offered prayers to the Father before calling Lazarus forth.
- Before every miracle Jesus lifted His eyes to heaven to the Father.
- In Luke 22:44, in the garden Jesus prayed with such intensity that He sweat great drops of blood.
- In Hebrews 5:7-8 During the days of Jesus’ life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the one who could save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission.
I Samuel 1:10-11 “O LORD of hosts, if You will indeed look on the affliction of Your maidservant and remember me, and not forget Your maidservant, but will give Your maidservant a male child, then I will give him to the LORD all the days of his life, and no razor shall come upon his head.”
Eli the priest blessed her prayer and she rejoiced because she believed that the Lord heard.
Three times she uses the word “maidservant” demonstrating her humility towards God.
Her prayer is to give the Lord back whatever it is that He gives her, withholding nothing from Him.
This is pure, humble prayer that bears fruit. Only the Lord knows the hearts of men. Jer 17:10 I the LORD search the heart, I try the reins, even to give every man according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings.
One does not engage in prayer to the Lord simply for the results but for the relationship with Him! All fruit is born through cultivating our relationship with Him.
The ending of the story is that in due time (God’s time) she gives birth to Samuel who becomes a minister of the Lord. Priest, Prophet, and Judge. We also understand that she gave birth to 5 more children!
She never turns back on her promise.
24 Now when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bulls, one ephah of flour, and a skin of wine, and brought him to the house of the LORD in Shiloh. And the child was young. 25 Then they slaughtered a bull, and brought the child to Eli. 26 And she said, “O my lord! As your soul lives, my lord, I am the woman who stood by you here, praying to the LORD. 27 “For this child I prayed, and the LORD has granted me my petition which I asked of Him. 28 “Therefore I also have lent him to the LORD; as long as he lives he shall be lent to the LORD.” So they worshiped the LORD there. She offers sacrifices, she testifies, and gives back to God what she vowed to give Him!
Are there areas of your life that are barren? Times when nothing “comes to birth” – barrenness with our jobs, our relationships, even ministry?
What is in our hearts when we pray?
- Ought towards another?
- Selfish ambition?
- Jealousy?
- Competitiveness?
- Some hidden sin?
I prayed 5 years for my husband’s salvation! I was driven by God’s intense love for him, not by any personal benefit.
She then prayed and praised…some say that her triumphant prayer has been called the forerunner of Mary’s Magnificat.
This prayer exhibits the fervency, depth, and fire of a woman who is truly rejoicing.
2:1 And Hannah prayed and said: “My heart rejoices in the LORD; My horn is exalted in the LORD. I smile at my enemies, Because I rejoice in Your salvation. 2 “No one is holy like the LORD, For there is none besides You, Nor is there any rock like our God. 3 “Talk no more so very proudly; Let no arrogance come from your mouth, For the LORD is the God of knowledge; And by Him actions are weighed. 4 “The bows of the mighty men are broken, And those who stumbled are girded with strength. 5 Those who were full have hired themselves out for bread, And the hungry have ceased to hunger. Even the barren has borne seven, And she who has many children has become feeble. 6 “The LORD kills and makes alive; He brings down to the grave and brings up. 7 The LORD makes poor and makes rich; He brings low and lifts up. 8 He raises the poor from the dust And lifts the beggar from the ash heap, To set them among princes And make them inherit the throne of glory. “For the pillars of the earth are the Lord’s, And He has set the world upon them. 9 He will guard the feet of His saints, But the wicked shall be silent in darkness. “For by strength no man shall prevail. 10 The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken in pieces; From heaven He will thunder against them. The LORD will judge the ends of the earth. “He will give strength to His king, And exalt the horn of His anointed.”
Read Isaiah 54:1-8



awoke and when I went to sleep. So many thoughts and imaginations about my family raced though my mind – concerns about their travels, their safety, their financial needs, their marital relationships, their welfare, and well…the list goes on. I was consumed with worry in a way that I don’t think I’ve ever experienced. I could honestly say, that it felt like an adversarial attack – not something that I often say. With everything that’s going on around us, it is so easy to be overcome with worry and to allow our imaginations to get the best of us.